Civil engineering board and affiliate programs

      B ridges is to make a passage over an obstacle, river or valley. Classification of bridges is done based on the span, depth, topography of the region. There is a large number of classification of bridges based upon the function. Below are the most used types of bridges in the world.     Table Content 1.Classification of bridges based on the superstructure of the bridge a. Arch Bridge b. Girder Bridge c.Suspension Bridge d. Truss bridges 2. Classification of bridges based on the types of material a. RCC Bridge b. Timber bridge c. Steel Bridge d. Masonry bridges 3. Other types of bridges a. Over bridges b. Under bridges Let Us Discuss Briefly ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''...

 How can you increase the bearing capacity of soil? bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground. The bearing  capacity of soil is  the maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and  the soil  which should not produce shear failure in the soil. How do you find the bearing capacity of soil? bearing capacity of soil by  determining the limit of contact pressure between the soil and  the material placed on it . These calculations and measurements are performed on projects  involving bridge foundations, retaining walls, dams and pipelines that run underground. *The following techniques can be used for improving bearing capacity of soil as per the site condition. =>Increasing depth of foundation =>Draining the soil =>Compacting the soil =>Confining the soil =>Replacing the poor soil =>Using grouting material =>Stabilizing the soil with chemicals

 Dynamic compaction Dynamic compaction involves the controlled impact of a crane hoisted weight, of around 10-12 tonnes, falling in a pre-determined grid pattern to improve loose, granular and mixed soils and fills. Common uses Increase bearing capacity Decrease settlement Mitigate liquefaction Avoid major below-ground obstruction removal Process Dynamic compaction is a ground improvement technique that densifies soils and fill materials by using a drop weight. Advantages ➪ Capable of compacting a wide variety of weak soils ➪ Increased bearing capacity ➪ Reduced settlement ➪ Sustainable technique using limited material import ➪ Can improve soil conditions on marginal sites to the extent that shallow foundations can be used without deep excavation or piling ➪ Removal of compressible, contaminated fills can sometimes be avoided

Construction Cost Estimation for Civil Works-Types and Requirements|  Project estimator For the construction of your dream home, the first thing you want to do is check how much money you have in your bank account?.After that, you need to to have a plan and prepare different types of estimation for cost of construction upon your civil works with the help of a project estimator. During this process, the two factors you have to take care is the number of materials and costs of these items.The method of estimating unit cost of an item is called “ Rate analysis ” and the method of obtaining the required quantities of these materials are called “estimation” . In this blog, we are going to learn about types of estimation of and Cost estimation methods.The construction cost estimation can be done with the help of a project estimator.For a construction process, there are different estimation process is involved different stages of construction. What are the Requirements of Estimation an...

Slump Test of Concrete-Cone Test Procedure | Workability of Concrete Slump test procedure is to determine the workability of concrete. One of the major problems that you had faced in your field work is concrete compaction during mixing.After mix design, you may have doubt, is this design will be ok? Yes, your design willl be ok in terms of strenght point of view of concrete.But the main problem arises when the mixing of fresh concrete, the compaction of fresh concrete will be very tough.In this situation, you can add some plasticizers without affecting your water-cement ratio or cement-aggregate ratio. Before adding plasticizers or superplasticizers to your fresh concrete, you need to check the workability of your concrete.The slump test is used for checking the workability of concrete.Let us check how can we do slump test of fresh concrete. Apparatus used for cone test procedure 1)Measuring scale 2)Tamping rod 3)Base plate 4)Nonporous base plate 5)Mould for slump test. ...

construction cost reduction techniques which is too much important to learn every civil engineers. So after reading this article you will be able to know some new idea for reducing the building construction cost. Let’s get start. SOME IMPORTANT TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST. 1: Use good and Local materials which are available near with your project. 2: Decrease the area of column footing. 3: Use the single brick masonry wall in partition walls. 4: Do work by local labors and masons. 5: Use steel frames the place of wood for Door and window in building . 6: Increase the spacing between main bar and distribution bars in slab. 7: Use normal ratio of concrete and get good strength. 8: Don’t use extra thing in the building construction . 9: Use shallow foundation normal building construction. 10: Use wooden formwork the place of plywood or steel formwork. 11: Don’t make more decorate you building. 12: In white washing of building don’t use expensive col...

              TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT In Construction Industry, the following eight contract types are so far practiced: 1. Lump Sum Contract, 2. Bill of Quantities or Unit Rate Contract, 3. Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract, 4. Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract, 5. Item Rate or Schedule of Rates Contract, 6. Labor Contract, 7. Hybrid Contract, and Special Contract 1 Lump Sum Contract:  When the Project or Tender price is determined and quoted as a total sum of money without individual ratings to execute the whole of the works and / or services according to the drawings and specifications, it is called a Lump Sum Contract. In such contracts: It is difficult to administer changes and amendments but experiences of similar projects are used as a basis to this effect, Works or services are checked based on the specifications, the conditions of contract or terms of reference and drawings if any for acceptance and closing of accounts...

HERE WE HAVE SOME TEST TO FIND THE GOOD QUALITY OF CEMENT AT SITE 1: date of Paking 2: Rubbing Test 3: Float Test 4: Temperature Test 5: Strength Test 6: Lump Test 7: Color of Cement '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''...

you model the soil using Area spring/spring properties and the software will capture the interaction between the foundation element and the soil. This approach will give you a better understanding and design moment or shear specially for mat foundations. I have some tips: Tip 1: In the absence of plate load test result you can use an approximate method to determine the soil su bgrade reaction. Bowels has proposed the following equation, Ks=40*SF*σall (SF-safety factor, σall allowable bearing capacity). Tip 2: don’t reinforce your mat or footings with the maximum moment around columns. Since the design moment is located at the face of column, at least try to read the moment at the face of column. Otherwise you would reinforce your mat for peak moment and end up being uneconomical. Tip 3: don’t forget to model the lateral passive earth pressure preventing your footing from sliding. Otherwise your model would be unstable. Tip 4: If you are using SAFE, you can model the soil with “soi...