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  Design Procedure for One Way Slab Here are the steps for the Design Procedure for One Way Slab in steps.For those who do not know what are the design requirements of a slab design  There are two types of slab classification based on the direction of bending occurs in these slabs.The two classifications are one-way slab and two-way slab.The basic difference between these slabs are one-way slab bends only in one direction and two-way slab bends in two directions as shown in the below figure.  Design Procedure Steps for One Way Slab 1.Based on the stiffness requirement assume suitable depth and calculate the effective span 2.Calculate the loads acting on the slab. 3.Calculate factored moment and shear force by considering the one-meter width of the slab  For simply supported slab  Factored moment =Mu= Wu× l²/ 8 Shear Force = Vu = Wu×l / 2 4.Determine the minimum depth required to resist bending moment by equating  Mu= Mulim = k×fck×bd² b=1000mm k=0.138 For F...

 A concrete of Grade C20 means that the concrete will have a compression resistance of 20 N/mm² per square millimeter in 28 days. Proportion for grade C20. C20 is 1:2:4 (1 part cement, 2 parts fine aggregate, and 4 parts coarse aggregate.) where as C20 symbolizes a Cylindrical sample in which cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates are mixed in such a ratio that its characteristic compressive strength is 20 N/mm² after 28 days of curing. Fig:- Concrete specimen for testing Generally Strength of Cylinder sample= 0.8 x Strength of Cube. example:- M20 is equivalent to C25 M20 means the grade of concrete is defined as the minimum strength of concrete after 28 days. For the M20 Grade of concrete, The letter ‘M’ refers to the mix, and 20 represents the characteristic strength of concrete in MPa or N/mm². The specified characteristic strength of concrete is determined for 150mm size cube at 28 days. The Characteristic Compressive strength of concrete is defined as the strength of conc...

Setting of cement and Hardening of cement The term ‘ Setting ’ is used to describe the stiffening of the cement paste. Setting of cement refers to changes of cement paste from a fluid to rigid state. Setting differs from Hardening of cement. For concrete setting is defined as the phenomenon by which it acquire its shape as per the support inside which it is molded. It is the state from which it enters into amorphous state from plastic state. At setting state if we remove suppose it holds its position for a while but internal crack and deformation start to surface because of absence of strength The term ‘ Hardening’ refers to the gain of strength of a set cement paste, although during setting the cement paste acquires some strength. Hardening or stiffening: It happens after setting state. It is the phenomenon by which hydration of silicate compound occurs in concrete. That means it gains strength. After stiffening, in the case of removal of support it can hold its shape without crack an...

Slump Test of Concrete-Cone Test Procedure | Workability of Concrete Slump test procedure is to determine the workability of concrete. One of the major problems that you had faced in your field work is concrete compaction during mixing.After mix design, you may have doubt, is this design will be ok? Yes, your design willl be ok in terms of strenght point of view of concrete.But the main problem arises when the mixing of fresh concrete, the compaction of fresh concrete will be very tough.In this situation, you can add some plasticizers without affecting your water-cement ratio or cement-aggregate ratio. Before adding plasticizers or superplasticizers to your fresh concrete, you need to check the workability of your concrete.The slump test is used for checking the workability of concrete.Let us check how can we do slump test of fresh concrete. Apparatus used for cone test procedure 1)Measuring scale 2)Tamping rod 3)Base plate 4)Nonporous base plate 5)Mould for slump test. ...

HERE WE HAVE SOME TEST TO FIND THE GOOD QUALITY OF CEMENT AT SITE 1: date of Paking 2: Rubbing Test 3: Float Test 4: Temperature Test 5: Strength Test 6: Lump Test 7: Color of Cement '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''...

What if we intentionally remove the soil to a certain depth so that the pressure that the new structure is coming with is smaller than the overburden? If one applies this principle, the types of foundation that is going to be achieved is called floating( also called buoyancy foundation) , since the building is basically floating like a boat on water. The disadvantage of such foundations is that, sometimes the excavation depth required is very large and considering basement floor would be inevitable to use the  space created below ground floor. And sometimes basement wouldn't be included and the resulting foundation system would be "cellular raft" .

The term ‘ Setting ’ is used to describe the stiffening of the cement paste. Setting of cement refers to changes of cement paste from a fluid to rigid state. Setting differs from Hardening of cement. For concrete setting is defined as the phenomenon by which it acquire its shape as per the support inside which it is molded. It is the state from which it enters into amorphous state from plastic state. At setting state if we remove suppose it holds its position for a while but internal crack and deformation start to surface because of absence of strength The term ‘ Hardening’ refers to the gain of strength of a set cement paste, although during setting the cement paste acquires some strength. Hardening or stiffening: It happens after setting state. It is the phenomenon by which hydration of silicate compound occurs in concrete. That means it gains strength. After stiffening, in the case of removal of support it can hold its shape without crack and deformations. cement and har...