Civil engineering board and affiliate programs

 reasons a building collapses Concrete damage has caused  many building collapses over the years .  While concrete degrades over time, it can last up to 100 years under optimal conditions. During  its useful life, concrete may require repairs and maintenance The reasons a building collapses can be due to poor structural design,  poor compliance with specifications poor quality control faulty construction methodology foundation failure extraordinary loads and corruption. Natural disaster is also identified as a cause of building collapse. What is a collapsed structure ?  When internal load bearing structural elements fail,  a building will collapse into itself and exterior walls are pulled into the falling structure . This scenario may be caused by construction activity, an earthquake, or fire, and may result in a dense debris field with a small footprint.

  Types of joints in concrete constructions are:  1,Construction Joints  2,Expansion Joints  3,Contraction Joints  4,Isolation Joints 1,construction joint :- A separation provided in a building that allows its component parts to move with respect to each other; a joint where two placements of concrete meet. 2,An expansion joint or movement joint:-  is an assembly designed to safely absorb the heat-induced expansion and contraction of construction materials, to absorb vibration, to hold parts together, or to allow movement due to ground settlement or earthquakes 3,A control joint or contraction   joint :- is a joint that is put in the concrete to control cracking. For example, when they sawcut joints into the concrete pavement, these are control joints. 4,Isolation and expansion joints   accommodate anticipated differential horizontal and vertical movements that occur between a pavement and a structure. Their purpose is to allow movement...

 types of building ☞Depending upon the character of occupancy or the type of use, building can be classified into different categories as follows:  1. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS : These buildings include one or two private dwellings, apartment houses (flats), hotels, dormitories etc. 2. EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS : These buildings include any building used for school, college or day care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation. 3 . INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS These buildings include any building or part which is used for medical treatment etc. Such as Hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages, sanatory jails, prisons, mental hospitals etc. 4. ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS : These buildings may include any building or part of a building where a group of people gathers for recreation, amusement, social, religious or such types of purposes such as theaters, assembly halls, exhibition halls, restaurants, museum, club rooms, auditoria etc 5. BUSINESS BUILDINGS : These sha...