Civil engineering board and affiliate programs

  The following are some major infrastructure projects in Africa that are ongoing, or in planning and under development, in 2021. 1. Grand Inga Dam: Congo The Grand Inga Dam is the world's largest proposed hydropower project, and it is being built on the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the cornerstone of the country’s grand vision to assist in the development of a continent-wide power system. The project is expected to generate 40,000 MW of power. This is enough to power nearly half of the continent and is nearly twice as large as China's Three Gorges Dam. It is estimated that approximately US$80 billion will be required to complete the project. This will entail the installation of transmission lines across the continent. 2. Dangote Oil Refinery: Nigeria The Dangote Oil Refinery project is on track to become the world's largest single oil refinery. The facility, which will be located in Nigeria, will have a capacity of 650,000 barrels per day, b...

ES EN 1998:2015  states the following fundamental requirements: Structures in seismic regions shall be designed and constructed in such a way that the following requirements are met, each with an adequate degree of reliability( ES EN 1998:2015, Art. 2.1): - No-collapse requirement : The structure shall be designed and constructed to withstand the design seismic action defined in section 3( ES EN 1998:2015, SECTION 3) without local or global collapses, thus retaining integrity and a residual load capacity after the seismic events. *The design seismic action is expressed  in terms of a) The reference seismic action associated with a reference probability of exceedance, PNCR in 50 years or a return period, TNCR and b) The importance factor yi( gamma i) to take into account reliability differentiation * PNCR(IN 50 years)=10% and TNCR=475 years -Damage limitation requirement The structure shall be designed and constructed to withstand a seismic action having a larger proba...